Fig. 6

Framework’s performance for detecting nesting events across different time windows using ODBA and/or GPS data. The proportion of misclassified breeding events (or periods; MsP) and F-Scores were calculated for ODBA-only data, GPS-only data, and combined GPS–ODBA data using the whole data set (females + males) or data from each sex separately. The best periods to determine nesting events (2 or 3 consecutive days with positive detection of incubation) are highlighted in grey. Complementary data on precision (Pr) and recall (Rc) estimates are shown in Fig. S4, Additional File 1