Fig. 3

Daily ODBA patterns, male (A) and female (B) incubation windows, and incubation probability–AvODBA relationship (C). Daily ODBA patterns during prelaying and incubation are illustrated for male (A) and female (B) sandgrouses. The vertical grey bars show the 2-h incubation windows selected for males near sunrise and for females centred around mid-day (see also Fig. S3, Additional file 1). The response curve (C) shows the sex-specific relationships between the probability of incubation and AvODBA during the selected incubation windows. Image D illustrates a male pin-tailed sandgrouse incubating early in the morning (photo credit: F. Mougeot)