Table 1 Summary of cattle tag and GPS tag details and performance in wild boars (N = 108)
From: The performance of alternative GPS tracking devices: a case report on wild boars (Sus scrofa)
Yabby (ear) | Yabby (glue) | Anicare | Ceres | GPS devices (total) | Cattle ear tag | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Device information | ||||||
Weight (g) | 60 | 160 | 20 | 35 | 5 | |
Attachment | One-point, ear | Glue, pelt | One-point, ear | Two-point, ear | One-point, ear | |
Data communication | GSM | GSM | GSM | satellite | None | |
Expected daily fixes | 1–8 | 2–16 | 1 | 4 | ||
Expected battery lifespan | c. 750 fixes | c. 750 fixes | 4 years | 10 years | ||
Price class per item (2024) | c. 100 €a | c. 100 € | c. 300 € | c. 200 € | < 1 € | |
Utilized devices | ||||||
N | 20 | 12 | 27 | 6 | 65 | 103 |
Provided any data | 95% | 83% | 78% | 100% | 86% | 50% |
Median statistics of working devices (min–max) | ||||||
Fixes | 38 (7–224) | 310 (82–715) | 7 (1–61) | 16 (2–24) | 23 | 1 (1–2) |
Duration (days) | 13 (3–71) | 60 (5–94) | 15 (3–85) | 17 (2–38) | 16 | 237 (11–732) |
Fix rate (% of expected fixes) | 100 (79–100) | 100 (97–100) | 70 (1–100) | 20 (13–42) | 96 | |
Reasons for end of tracking | ||||||
Animal died | 3 | 3 | 44 | |||
Device failure | 15 | 1 | 16 | 5 | 37 | |
Device dropped | 4 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 16 |