Fig. 1

Map of the Swimway acoustic receiver array, located in the western Dutch Wadden Sea. A Blue points indicate individual receiver stations. Tidal basins are indicated by gray lines and bathymetry is colored from light (shallower) to dark (deeper) as per depth codes provided by [27]. B Locations of 6 temporary receiver stations in the small-scale range test array used for the small-scale dose–response curve (blue outline) and 5 stations used for the small-scale GLM (filled black points). C Locations of all receiver stations in the Swimway array (hollow circles), showing the 51 stations selected for use in the large-scale dose–response curve (blue outline) and 22 stations used in the large-scale GLMM (filled black points). Filled triangles indicate the locations of KNMI weather stations