Fig. 1

Geographical location of the study site. Map of the study site, Lake Biwa, central Japan. The offshore area of the lake (depth > 20 m) is indicated by a dashed line. The star symbols indicate where the drifter was deployed in the eight trials. Red triangles indicate where the nearshore and offshore range tests were conducted. Blue symbols with bold Italic site codes indicate where tagged fish were released (details of fish tagging are summarized in Additional File 1: Table S1)